Maslow saw humans as being
inherently good and seeking to know more about themselves and better themselves.
This is also part of humans striving for self-actualization – process to
identify abilities, strive to develop them, and feel good as they become
themselves. Maslow did not think that most people actually achieved self-actualization
but that they continued to struggle to meet their needs. The levels are best
looked at as a pyramid
Self-actualization:
sense that one is fulfilling potential; efforts to create and to learn; high
levels of acceptance of self, of others, of nature, seeks justice, truth, order,
unity, and beauty, ability to solve problems; self-directed; moral
Self-esteem
: Self-respect, respect of others, achievement, attention, and appreciation
Belongingness
and love: Intimacy and affection provided by friends, family, and lover
Safety:
Security, stability, freedom from fear, anxiety, threats, and chaos. Social
structure of laws and limits assists in meeting these needs
Physciological:
food, water, oxygen, rest, shelter
Each level
of the pyramid must be met and satisfied before the next is important. For
instance, safety isn’t important unless food and other basic needs are met.
Maslow did not assign ages to the stages b/c stages can be seen at all levels.
For instance, middle adulthood years seem ideal for striving for that final
stage of self-actualization. However, divorce, unemployment, and other crises
can cause one to be struggling to meet physiological needs.
Zastrow,
C.H. & Kirst-Ashman, K.K. (2004). Understanding Human Behavior.
Thomson Learning, Inc., Belmont, CA. p. 389-391.
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