Humanistic
Therapy
Concentrates on the
influences of society and unconscious thoughts. Emphasizes client’s freedom of
choice through reflective listening and empathy. Includes Gestalt,
Person-Centered, Transactional Analysis, Transpersonal Psychology and
Psychosynthesis, and Existential Therapy.
Gestalt
Focuses on the client taking responsibility for the
way they relate to others and on the here-and-now. Relies on the relationship
between therapist and client.
The here-and-now premise is not making assumptions
for the unknown but being aware of the feelings connected to the present
moment. Gestalt theory also suggests that everything is interrelated and
focuses on helping the client become more in tune with self.
Good Therapy. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.goodtherapy.org/Gestalt_Therapy.html
on February 18, 2013.
Person-Centered
Therapy (Rogerian)
Is also known as client-centered
or non-directive therapy to help the client gain self-actualization or the
ability of the client to reach fullest potential. 3 techniques of therapist attitude that is important in person-centered therapy:
-
Empathy – showing understanding of emotional responses
of client through active listening
-
Unconditional positive regard – accepts client as is
-
Congruence – therapist’s openness and genuineness
Encyclopedia of Mental Health Disorders. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.minddisorders.com/Ob-Ps/Person-centered-therapy.html
on February 18, 2013.Transactional Analysis
Focuses on communication with others, specifically what is wrong in the communication and how to change patterns in order to improve communication.
Retrieved from http://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/humanistic.html on February 18, 2013.
Object
Relations
Focuses on interpersonal
relationships. Object specifically refers to person that is target of client’s
emotions and Relations to the relationship between the client and person and
any relationships in the past the affect the current one.Retrieved from http://www.sonoma.edu/users/d/daniels/objectrelations.html on February 18, 2013.
Crisis
Intervention
Allotted in a timeframe to
help one cope with an external problem. It has short term goals and requires a
lot of time and energy from the therapist. It utilizes tasks in order to keep
client on target. It has 3 stages. In the first stage that occurs at onset of situation, the strain increases. This is where relaxation, coping, supports, and the strengths of the client are most important. During stage 2, the strain increases even more. In stage 3, the client attempts to adjust. This is where guidance is important in helping a client to project future skills.
Task-Centered
Therapy
Limited time frame and
utilizes tasks with specific actions to achieve goals. Therapists concentrates
on assessing how the client sees tasks carried out and draws out any parts that
are uncomfortable to client and helps client in processing that tasks. The fear
must be worked through otherwise the client will not complete the task. This
can be done by ensuring that the client knows how the task affects the overall
goal, the benefits/risks, and implementation of rewards.
Systems
Theory
Concentrates on an
individual’s role as it impacts the functioning of a greater whole and is
beneficial in family therapy though can be used with couples and organizations
as well. Behavior patterns are identified and then treatment surrounds how to
gain insight, deal with anxiety, and improve relationships by formulating more positive
behaviors.Good Therapy. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.goodtherapy.org/systems-theory-therapy.html on February 18, 2013.
Structural
Family Therapy
Concentrates on member’s
interactions and the way the family operates rather than the individual’s bx
and problems.
Behavior
Modification
Based on operant conditioning and implemented
through positive and negative reinforcement. Uses rewards and/or time-outs.
Encyclopedia of Mental Health Disorders. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.minddisorders.com/A-Br/Behavior-modification.html
on February 18, 2013.
Behavior
Therapy
Behavior therapy utilizes 3
techniques: role-playing, self-management (such as teaching assertiveness
skills), and behavior experiments.
One form of behavior therapy for guided imagery
(covert conditioning or covert sensitization) in order for them to perform a
mental rehearsal of reactions and skills. They are asked to image the
antecedent to the behavior and as they visualize engaging in this behavior,
they imagine experiencing an adverse reaction. They also are asked to imagine
turning down the behavior by engaging in a more acceptable behavior.
Encyclopedia of Mental Health Disorders. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Covert-sensitization.html
on February 18, 2013.
Solution-Focused
Therapy
Focuses on present & future, goals, and
solutions instead of problems/concerns. Does use past experiences only as a
resource to utilize skills for present and future.
Institute for Solution-Focused Therapy. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.solutionfocused.net/home.html
on February 18, 2013.Antin, L. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.goodtherapy.org/Solution_Focused_Therapy.html on February 18, 2013.
Cognitive
Therapy
States that unrealistic
views cause problems; not past events even though the past may show where the
unrealistic thoughts came from. Since dysfunctional thoughts may cause triggers, coping skills will need to be taught in order for the client to share thoughts. Therapist challenges dysfunctional beliefs and helps client discuss the costs and benefits of the views. The therapist must draw out thoughts prior to , during, and after along with the feeling and behavior related to problem.
Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy
Focuses on solving
dysfunctional emotions and implements a lot of self-monitoring.
Rational
Emotive Behavior Therapy
Addresses irrational thoughts
& behaviors by connecting them to thinking errors
Psychodynamic
Therapy
Patterns of interactive,
thinking & feeling. States that emotional problems originate in childhood
and concentrates on the subconscious thoughts.
Homeopathy
Alternative medical treatment using highly diluted preparations of
ingredients that cause patient to exhibit similar symptoms to existing medical
issues. This method has not proven to be effective.